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Discoloration refers to the overproduction of melanin. This creates patches on the skin that look darker in colour than normal surrounding skin. Dark spots, blotchiness and melasma are all common discolouration concerns. The number one driver is the UV rays. The sun is the primary cause of the production of excessive pigmentation, as UV rays stimulate the production of free radicals that boost the production of melanin.
When the production of melanin is uneven and excessive, it clusters in localised areas freckles, age spots or generalised blotchiness of the skin. Existing freckles can also become darker with sun exposure. This type of hyperpigmentation is often located in the areas of the skin most frequently exposed to the sun, such as the hands, face, arms, shoulders and forehead.
Melanin is a pigment that is responsible for the colour of the skin, hair, and eyes in humans and animals. It is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are primarily located in the skin. The amount and type of melanin in an individual's skin, hair, and eyes are largely determined by genetic factors. Sun exposure can also influence melanin production, increased sun exposure often leads to darker skin colour as a protective mechanism against the harmful effects of UV radiation.
